The legal system in the United States is based on the common law system, which is derived from the English legal tradition and is characterized by the interpretation of prior laws and the creation of judicial precedents. The legal process in the United States is a complex system that involves multiple stages, from filing a lawsuit to settling the case. The following are the key stages of how legal processes unfold in the United States:
First stage
Filing of Lawsuit: The process begins when a party files a lawsuit (plaintiff) in the appropriate court. The complaint details the facts of the case and the legal claims against the defendant.
Second stage
Notice and Response: Once the lawsuit is filed, the defendant (defendant) is notified of the allegations. The defendant has the opportunity to file a formal response with the court, admitting or refuting the allegations.
third stage
Discovery: During this stage, both parties collect evidence and testimony relevant to the case. This may include written interrogatories, document requests, and witness testimony.
fourth stage
Motion for Summary Judgment: If a party believes that there is no genuine dispute about the facts of the case and believes that it should be decided in their favor without a full trial, they may file a motion for summary judgment to obtain a speedy resolution of the matter.
Fifth stage
Trial: If the case is not resolved by summary judgment, the case goes to trial. During the trial, both parties present their arguments and evidence before a jury or judge, who will make a decision based on the facts and applicable law.
sixth stage
Verdict and Sentence: If the case is tried by a jury, the jury returns a verdict. If it is a trial before a judge, the judge issues a sentence. In case of disagreement with the verdict or sentence, the parties can appeal to higher courts.
seventh stage
Appeal: Parties dissatisfied with the outcome of the trial may appeal to a higher court. In the appeal, it is reviewed if there were legal errors during the process or if the decision was unfair.
eighth stage
Enforcement of Judgment: Once appeals are exhausted and the judgment is confirmed, the winning party may take steps to enforce the judgment, such as obtaining financial compensation or compliance with a specific order.
In summary, legal processes in the United States are a structured sequence of stages that seek to resolve disputes fairly and based on the law. Each case can vary in length and complexity, but the American legal system strives to ensure due process and fairness for all parties involved.